Strengths Based Model and Case Management Model Comparison

• KAVITESH P TAHAL

AGEING AND DISABILITY

Compare two models

Strength-Based Model

Strengths based practice is consistent with the rights arguments outlined earlier. That is, it is has a focus on the equal rights of citizenship that disabled people have. These rights include the rights of access to all resources, options and opportunities; the rights of people to choose and direct service provision to enhance their lives; and the right to actively live and participate in the same communities as everyone else.

It is an important approach to conducting needs assessment and service coordination because:

• It is an empowering approach to alternatives which have historically focused on deficits and problems within families or people needing support. In strengths based approach the focus is on the strengths and abilities of the person.
• It avoids the use of stigmatising, labelling or blaming language.
• It creates hope within people and their families by focusing on what is currently successful or has been successful in the past for them.
• It focuses on people’s abilities and resiliencies and places them in the “expert” position on their own goals, ambitions and solutions to difficult situations.
• The “professional” worker is placed in the role of partner and guide.
• It captures (often for the first time) the positive things in a person and the person’s environment that can serve as a start for positive changes.
• People and their families are more engaged in a process where they feel they are an important part, not simply a recipient of others’ “service”.
• Communities are seen as an important source of resources rather than obstacles or barriers to overcome.

Assessment:

Strengths-based service delivery often starts with an assessment process to prompt the client and program staff to identify capabilities and assets which the client can mobilize. The information collected some of the client’s history, the type, frequency, and call such a problem, process as mood, personality changes and behavioural painful emotional reactions, and severity of cognitive change, the problem with such other diseases of the nervous system and the physical signs of damage to the test as the language of social behaviour assessment difficult enough -solving, thinking.

Planning:

Strengths-based service planning begins first with identifying what causes the current health situation, planning how to maintain behaviour, planning how to prevent further and future complications. The planning process also take into consideration the individual’s own life’s perspectives relating to their beliefs, cultures and their religion while taking care of their personal needs. The plan will be vary over phase as during the healing the client and the case manager have to examine the variations and development that the client has encountered so the goals will be adapted based on the certainty and the course of attainment.

Coordinating:

For coordinating services using the strength based approach, the resources must be readily available. It should be in the position that is easily accessed by the client or it has the capacity to relocate their services so that it is can reach to the client. The services should also serve the interest of the client which includes but is not limited to: Housing, employment, healthcare, transportation and education. It must be culturally sensitive as well as being person-centred and community based. The client must understand as the availability and the efficiency. Besides that the case manager must also have a regular contact with the client and be prepared to make any variations to make certain the plan is permanently appropriate and updated.

Strengths:

It focuses on the person’s abilities rather than their disabilities. It empowers the individual letting him or her decide about his or her life. The person feels important as they became part of the process. It also avoids discrimination and stigmatising since the person with disability is the one defining him and not the health professional promoting self-esteem. Appropriate for all types of elderly. Leading to developing the confidence for independent decision making and help-seeking together with the help of the family and health professionals. Key to confidence to belief in oneself and a willingness to keep on through life challenges. Identifies and amplifies existing client system capacities to resolve problems and improve quality of life.

Weakness:

This model has existing and potential abilities became the basis of classification and not the aspirations of individual. It is sometimes difficult to establish individual aspirations since it requires effective communication and not readily assessable. Many critics of the strength based approach points out the limitation to which abilities define the capability of the person to participate in the community.

Perspectives of the disability people:

The strength base model is useful as it builds hope through relationship with people, community and culture. Also it strengthens the belief that people are experts in their own lives and the professional or carer’s role is to increase and explain choices and encourage people to make their own decisions and informed choices.

Summary of the expected outcomes for the disabled:

For the strength based model, the predictable results are that the psychological health of the client is strengthened and various the incapacitated can cooperative well to the society like the normal individuals without much psychological obstacles. Empowerment in their own lives. Clients are able to do activities of daily living. There is a sense of confidence in his/her day-to-day activities. Clients could express happiness that’s he is able to convey his/her messages and feeling comfortable about his/her environment. Clients enjoy life and feels he is useful for family members. Provide client’s relatives for and after care help from various agencies.

Case management Model

Case management is a collaborative process of assessment, planning, facilitation, care coordination, evaluation and advocacy for options and services to meet an individuals and family comprehensive health needs through communication and available resources to promote quality, cost effective outcomes. Some functions of case management include:

• Client identification.
• Outreach.
• Service assessment.
• Planning and monitoring.
• Linking, referring or brokering access to needed services.
• Advocating for needed services for an individual.
• The provision of support to families and significant others in the person’s environment
• Assistance in developing a social support network.

Assessment:

Initial history of clients is taken with physical and medical examination. Neurological assessment with particular attention to vision and hearing is essential to rule out other neurological problems. Mental Status Examination is to detect abnormal features in a patient’s behaviour and state of mind at the time of the assessment.

• General appearance and Behaviour- Patient may restrict his activities to an increasingly limited area within which he is able to cope. He will often repeat things that he has done several times, apparently without any awareness of what he is doing.
• Speech- may show a variety of more or less non-specific anomaly together with restriction of content, difficulty in finding words and naming objects, reduced fluency, repetition, preservation and lastly speech is striking when it occurs again be alert to any neurological abnormalities.
• Attitude – cooperative, hostile, suspicious, fearful and evasive.
• Mood – the client’s emotional response lack of depth and are poorly sustained.

Planning:

Planning is done with consideration for all clients’ culture and belief in mind and family members are involved in discussion making. A routine plan for activities is done with clients consent and is aware to follow. Client is involved on planning and planning done in a safe and less congested environment. All types of illness are treated accordingly and client aware of it.

Coordination:

Client is helped or supported in ADL’s. Ensure a pleasant, safe and quiet environment. Client is well aware of environment and communication maintained. With clients consent preferred name is used with respect. Repeat the routine activity in a specific time of the day. Speak slowly, clearly in simple sentence. Client’s hygiene is maintained. Maintain communication with relatives and friends. Provide opportunity to do the tasks with assistance.

Strengths:

Support to keep frail aged persons and people with disabilities living with complex and multiple supports needs to remain in their own homes and local community. Provides mainly for the roles and tasks required for social work staff in the provision of help, support and guidance to people requiring continuing care at home. In assessing priorities and consideration will be given to the following client risk factors/situations.

Weaknesses:

The assessment and case planning process will determine an individual’s eligibility for assistance by this service. Mainly focused in the organisation than concern with the coordination and organisation of care for individual clients. Providing direct services or psychotherapy as part of case management may contribute more substantially to the stabilization or improvement of clients’ situations, but such support probably needs to be sustained over time to produce long-term effects.

Perspectives of the disability people:

Needs are being met by services and resources. Trust and communication with case manager. Disability, physical, cognitive, mental, sensory, emotional, and developmental or some combination of these may be. An impairment is a problem in body function or structure; Lack of activity in executing a task or action by a person, is a challenge; A block of life to participate in problem situations experienced by an individual in involvement is a problem while. So it is a complex phenomenon of a person’s body and she remains a feature of society in which the interaction between features is revealed.

Summary of expected outcomes:

• Talk about the problems they face at home to encourage family.
• Explain the need for physical and social settings.
• Support to various institutions for managing customer relations and education.
• The importance of follow-up care.
• Customers enjoy life and support for the family, too.
• In the community to talk with other people feel happy.
• Customer concentration and efficiency in their work shows

References:-

1. Source: Strengths-Based Social Work Practice online. Retrieved from http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Strengths-Based_Social_Work_Practice2.
2. Source: Recovery approach online. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recovery_approach
3. Source: 12th Case Management Society of Australia online. Retrieved from: http://www.cmsa.org.au/definition.html
4. Source: Case Management and Community Care Australia online. Retrieved from: http://www.cmsa.org.au/finalcasemanagementdiscussionpaper.pdf
5. Source: Case Management Services online. Retrieved from: http://www.merrichs.org.au/Pages/CaseManagementServices.aspx

KAVITESH P TAHAL S/N: 14030411Page 1