Nursing Care Plan for Left Knee Replacement
Info: 4176 words (17 pages) Nursing Essay
Published: 11th Feb 2020
Student Name: Elizabeth (Beth) Andrews
Brief Patient History including medical diagnosis and summary of assessment findings:
The patient is a 59 year old female, widowed, who entered the Braintree Rehabilitation Center for transitional care after left knee arthroplasty due to osteoarthritis. She has a history of COPD; obstructive sleep apnea; spinal stenosis; degenerative joint disease; depression; obesity; fibromyalgia; dyslipidemia; hypothyroidism; lymphedema; tachycardia; and idiopathic tremors. She experienced a pulmonary embolism in 2009.
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Find out moreThe total knee replacement (TKR) was conducted at Metrowest/Leonard Morse Hospital on 5/21/12. The patient was transferred to Braintree Rehabilitation Center on 5/24/12. She had difficulty emerging from anesthesia and experienced urinary retention. She subsequently emerged from anesthesia and the urinary retention resolved. A neurological consult was ordered to assess the patient’s difficulty emerging from anesthesia; no source of this difficulty was identified during examination. The consultation suggested that her lethargy might be attributable to oxycodone (patient is allergic to milnapricine and several other drugs) which the patient takes for ongoing pain and fibromyalgia.
The patient has otherwise experienced good recovery with physical therapy 1-2 hours per day/5 days per week. She continues to experience edema of the left operative extremity; no thromboembolus was identified and her physician ordered an additional diuretic. Her incision was healing well with no local swelling, warmth, or exudates and the wound erythema was receding from the marking drawn around the incision. Staples remained intake.
The patient is a former smoker with COPD; she quit smoking just prior to the current surgery and seems to be managing this well. She is obese and indicates that she struggles with this and is aware of the relationship of her obesity to her osteoarthritis and current procedure as well as to other current and potential diagnoses. Her past medical history is noteworthy for fibromyalgia from which the patient experiences considerable disability. She associates the onset of fibromyalgia subsequent to being involved in a physically and emotionally abusive intimate adult relationship and to self-described post traumatic stress disorder relative to childhood sexual abuse. In addition, her past medical history is noteworthy for obstructive sleep apnea; patient uses a CPAP.
The patient is widowed and lives alone in Natick. She has four children who live locally and whom she indicates are very supportive. One son comes to her home everyday to cook her dinner. The patient does not cook for herself and is maintained during the day with tea until her son comes to make her dinner. The patient is very focused on understanding and accessing information about her conditions/diagnoses and treatments. When I first met her, she was reviewing information provided to her by the transitional care unit pertaining to difficulties in emerging from anesthesia and about her medications. The patient’s life appears to revolve around her illnesses and conditions; she describes herself as a multiply disabled person. She does not leave her home very much except to attend medical appointments and is highly dependent upon her family for her needs and care. The patient reports that depression is a significant factor in her life related to prior physical, emotional and sexual abuse and to her general state of disability. The patient is noteworthy for high level of health seeking behavior and a high degree of medicalization. According to the patient, her home is outfitted with multiple assistive devices which include a CPAP, a walker, a cane, an electronic chair to take her upstairs and a bidette to help her with personal hygiene.
In spite of her many disabilities, the patient is progressing well and will be discharged in about a week.
Additional Nursing Diagnosis without Care Planning Specification
Activity Intolerance
Acute Pain
Anxiety
Chronic Low Self Esteem
Chronic Pain
Deficient Diversional Activity
Depression
Disturbed Body Image
Disturbed Sleep Pattern
Disuse Syndrome
Fatigue
Health Seeking Behaviors
Hopelessness
Imbalanced Mobility: Greater than Body Requirements
Impaired Bed Mobility
Impaired Comfort
Impaired Communication
Impaired Gas Exchange
Impaired Individual Resilience
Impaired Physical Mobility
Impaired Social Isolation
Impaired Transfer Ability
Impaired Walking
Ineffective Activity Planning
Ineffective Breathing Pattern
Ineffective Coping
Post Trauma Syndrome
Powerlessness
Readiness for Additional Health Seeking Behavior
Risk for Cardiac/Vascular Complications
Risk for Caregiver Role Strain
Risk for Complications of Deep Vein Thrombosis
Risk for Complications of Musculoskeletal Dysfunction
Risk for Constipation
Risk for Falls
Risk for Hypothermia
Risk for Impaired Cellular Regulation
Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity
Risk for Ineffective Respiratory Function
Risk for Infection
Risk for Injury
Risk for Loneliness
Risk for peripheral Neurovascular Dysfunction
Sedentary Lifestyle
Self Care Deficit
NANDA Approved Nursing Diagnosis I Impaired Physical Mobility Client’s Medical Diagnosis: Osteoarthritis, degenerative joint disease, spinal stenosis, status post total left knee replacement, fibromyalgia, obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypothyroidism, lymphedema, tachycardia, idiopathic tremors |
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Definition : |
“A limitation in independent, purposeful physical movement of the body or one or more extremities” (Ackley & Ladwig, 2011, p. 548). |
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Defining Characteristics : |
“ Decreased reaction time; difficulty turning; engages in substitutions for movement (e.g., increased attention to other’s activity, controlling behavior, focus on pre-illness disability/activity; exertional dypsnea; gait changes, jerky movements; limited ability to perform gross motor skills; limited ability to perform fine motor skills; limited range of motion; movement-induced tremor; postural instability; slowed movement; uncoordinated movements” (Ackley & Ladwig, 2011, p. 549). |
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Related Factors |
“Activity intolerance; altered cellular metabolism; anxiety; body mass index above 75th age-appropriate percentile; cognitive impairment; contractures; cultural beliefs regarding age-appropriate activity; deconditioning; decreased endurance; depressive mood; decreased muscle control; decreased muscle mass; decreased muscle strength; deficient knowledge regarding value of physical activity; developmental delay; discomfort; disuse; joint stiffness; lack of environmental supports (e.g., physical or social); limited cardiovascular endurance; loss of integrity of bone structures; malnutrition; medications; musculoskeletal impairment; neuromuscular impairment; pain; prescribed movement restrictions: reluctance to initiate movement; sedentary lifestyle; sensoriperceptual impairments” (Ackley & Ladwig, 2011, p. 549). “Suggested functional level classifications include the following: 0-Completely independent 1-Requires use of equipment or device 2-Requires help from another person for assistance, supervision or teaching 3-Requires help from another person and equipment device 4-Dependent (does not participate in activity)” (Ackley & Ladwig, 2011, p. 549) |
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Instructions for Student |
In the space below, enter the subjective and objective data gathered during your client assessment. |
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A S S E S S M E N T |
Subjective Data Entry Patient reported pain of “4”related to current acute pain “4” and “6” for chronic pain at home prior to admission based on scale of from “0” to “10” Patient reported that she uses assistive devices at home: walker, cane, electronic chair for climbing stairs while seated, bidette to assist with personal care; CPAP for sleep Patient reported that she engages in little social activity when at home, going out only for medical appointments Patient reported that she often sleeps during the day and has difficulty sleeping at night Patient reported that she is frequently fatigued and that movement around the home is difficult even with assistive devices Patient reported that chronic pain is related to osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia Patient reported that she is dependent upon family member for meals Patient reported that she is able to manage some dressing and bathing, but is dependent upon bidette for some of her perianal care Patient self-reports depression, PTSD, and fibromyalgia related to past physical, emotional and sexual abuse and to current status of general disability |
Objective Data Entry Vital signs: Temp: Oral 97.3, HR, 105, Respirations, 20, BP: r: 121/75; L 123/79 Pulses: Radial 105, L and R pedal pulses present Height: 4 ft 11 inches Weight 259 lbs Cognition: Alert and Oriented to person place and time X3 Affect: Pleasant, conversant, but subject to inattention due to dozing during conversation Integumentary: Hair: clean, gray color, neat haircut, no lesions on scalp Nasal: moist, pink Oral: mucosa : moist, pink, tongue: moist, pink, no oral lesions. Skin Color: Pink Skin: Color: pink Temp: warm to touch Texture: smooth Moisture/Hydration: moist, turgor positive at sternum Breakdown: the only current manifestation of breakdown is skin rashes in groin area and under breasts. Operative incision is erythmetous, but erythema is receding as evidenced by line drawn around erythema. No swelling, warmth or exudate at the operative incision Respiratory: Respirations: 20, depth even and rhythm even, O2 saturation 94% at rest on room air. Observed patient fatigue upon walking a short distance from bed to bathroom, Cardiovascular:Apical Pulse: 105; Rhythm: regular; Radial pulses: left and right present Pedal Pulses: left and right present Capillary refill observed L X 5 fingers and R X 5 fingers; L X 5 toes and R X 5 toes < 3 seconds LE: 2+ edema left operative extremity lower calf Musculoskeletal: poor mobility. Left hand slightly weaker than right; tremors appeared in left when squeezing fingers General: Patient experiences generalized pain chronically and current acute pain at operative site. Patient used ice pack and lidocaine strips to moderate localized pain (in addition to pain medications). Patient experiences chronic sleep disturbances, in particular, chronic obstructive sleep disorder. Sleep is only moderately relieved by use of CPAP Objective evidence includes patient frequent dozing during interview. Patient is obese: weight 259 lbs/height 4 feet, 11 inches BMI 52.3 |
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Evaluate |
Student Instructions: To be sure your client diagnostic statement written below is accurate you need to review the defining characteristics and related factors associated with the nursing diagnosis and see how your client data match. Do you have an accurate match or are additional data required, or does another nursing diagnosis need to be investigated? |
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D I A G N O S I S |
Diagnostic Statement |
Nursing Diagnosis (specify) Impaired Physical Mobility (Carpenito-Moyet , 2010, p. 285) related to pain, fatigue, obesity and sleep disturbances as evidenced by patient fatigue upon walking a short distance, patient report of limited mobility, patient dozing during interview, patient pain reports of “4” and “6” on scale of from “0” to “10” , patient BMI 52.3 |
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P L A N N I N G |
Desired Outcome The Client will: and Client Criteria: Reduce weight by 20% after one year compared to baseline of 259 lbs Reduce feelings of depression by 20% as measured by the PHQ-9 questionnaire after one year Improve mobility by 20% after one year compared to baseline determined by physical therapist assessment Reduce pain by 50% after one year compared to baseline of “6” on scale of from “0”to“10” Improve feelings of self esteem and self-efficacy by patient report after one year
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Evaluate |
The desired outcome must meet criteria to be accurate. The outcome must be specific, realistic, measurable, and include a time frame for completion. Does the action verb describe the client’s behavior to be evaluated? Can the outcome be used in the evaluation step of the nursing process to measure the client’s response to the nursing interventions listed below? |
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Interventions Referral to mental health counseling to identify and treat depression, issues of self-esteem and self efficacy Referral and active participation in physical therapy to improve mobility Undertake regular exercise that includes ambulation for longer distances, higher frequency and increased repetition of performing ankle pumps, gluteal sets and quadriceps sets. Use heat and cold, stretching and range of motion exercises to manage symptoms of fibromyalgia Referral to pulmonologist for sleep disturbance assessment. Referral to pain management specialist for assessment, planning and treatment related to various sources of patient pain Referral to nutritionist for assessment and planning related to nutrition and weight reduction. Set realistic goals for weight reduction, encourage patient to keep food diaries, provide patient with information about the relationship of weight management to pain reduction and mobility improvement, identify stress issues related to obesity and support systems that can help patient in weight reduction. |
Rationale for Selected Intervention and References Research indicates that attention to psychosocial issues and mental health counseling can have a positive impact on reduction in obesity (Yilmaz et al, 2011). Depression has been related to weight control in patients with osteoarthritis (Possley et al, 2009). Mood disorders are related to fibromyalgia (Dell, 2007). Research has shown that active participation in physical therapy is important to improved mobility post TKR (Hall, Hardwick, Reden, Pulido,& Colwell, 2004). Research indicates that behaviors such as ambulation for longer distances, higher frequency and increased repetition of performing ankle pumps, gluteal sets and quadriceps sets are related to greater self-efficacy in patients who have had total joint replacement (Moon & Backer, 2000). Regular exercise improves pain, physical function and contributes to weight reduction in patients with osteoarthritis (Seed, Dunican & Lynch, 2009). Active physical exercise has achieved modest positive results in reduction of signs and symptoms of fibromyalgia (Turk, 2009). Research has shown that heat and cold, stretching and range of motion exercises improves symptoms of fibromyalgia ((Turk, 2009). Research has shown that sleep disturbances should be evaluated and treated as a component of treatment of fibromyalgia (Dell, 2007). Patient has pain related to many sources and may influence the patient’s approach to obesity and mobility. Pain has been related to obesity (Janke, Collins, Kozak, 2007). Realistic goals, food diaries/monitoring/ understanding of the relationship between pain and mobility, stress issues and support systems have been shown to support successful obesity self care and illness prevention (Hindle & Dell, 2012). |
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E V A L U A T I O N |
Evaluate |
Do your interventions assist in achieving the desired outcome? Do your interventions address further monitoring of the client’s response to your interventions and to the achievement of the desired outcome? Are qualifiers: when, how, amount, time, and frequency used? Is the focus of the action’s verb on the nurse’s actions and not on the client? Do your rationales provide sufficient reason and directions? |
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What was your client’s response to the interventions? (theoretic) Weight is reduced by 20% after one year (evaluation outcome 200 lbs) Feelings of depression are reduced by 20% as measured by the PHQ-9 questionnaire after one year Mobility is improved by 20% after one year compared to baseline established by physical therapist assessment Pain is reduced by 50% after one year (evaluation outcome “3” on a scale of from “0” to “10” Feelings of self esteem and self-efficacy are improved by patient report after one year |
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References
Ackley, B.J. & Ladwig, G.B. (2011). Nursing diagnosis handbook-an evidence-based guide to planning care. Ninth Edition. Mosby Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, 2011
Carpenito-Moyet, L.J. (2010) Handbook of nursing diagnosis, 13th Edition, Used by arrangement with Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, a company of John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Publisher Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Baltimore, New York, London, Buenos Aires, Hong Kong, Sydney, Tokyo
Dell, D.D. (2007) Getting the point about fibromyalgia. Nursing 2007, February 2007, 61-64. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4&sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111&hid=114
Janke, E.A., Collins, A. & Kozak, A. T. (2007) Overview of the relationship between pain and obesity: what do we know? Where do we go next? Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, Vol 44, No 2, 245-261. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=5&sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111&hid=114
Hall, V.L., Hardwick, M., Reden, L., Pulido, P. & Colwell, C. (2004) Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty –an overview with nursing implications. Orthopaedic Nursing, Vol 23, No 3, May/June 2004, 163-173. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=6&sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111&hid=114
Hindle, L. & Mills, S. (2012) Obesity self-care and illness prevention. Practice Nursing, Vol 23, No 3, 130-134. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=10&sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111&hid=114
Moon, L.B. & Backer, J. (2000) Relationships among self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, and postoperative behaviors in total joint
replacement patients. Orthopaedic Nursing, 19 (2) 77-85. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/detail?vid=7&sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111&hid=114&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=rzh&AN=2000051848
Possley. D. et al. (2009) Relationship between depression and functional measures in overweight and obese persons with osteoarthritis of the knee. Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, Vol 46, No 9, 1091-1097. doi:10.1682/JRRD.2009.03.0024
Seed, S.M., Dunican, K.C., & Lynch, A.M. (2009) Osteoarthritis: a review of treatment options. Geriatrics, Vol 64, No 10, 20-28.
Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=9&sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111&hid=114
Turk, D.C. (2009). Fibromyalgia syndrome: a guide for the perplexed. Psychiatric Times, 26(2), 50-54. Retrieved from: http://web.b.ebscohost.com.mbcproxy.minlib.net/ehost/detail?vid=8&sid=2a85447c-cc47-4b86-8e31-250d1b9e754d%40sessionmgr111&hid=114&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=cin20&AN=2010211647
Yilmaz, J. et al. (2011) Adopting a psychological approach to obesity. Nursing Standard, Vol 25, No 21, 42-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2011.01.25.21.42.c8289
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