How does Viper work.....?
[+] Read more..What Do the Results Mean?
If the report sends back positive matches to content found elsewhere, there is no need to panic and assume you have plagiarised your work. Instead, review the report carefully and consider the following:
- Is the material an entire quote, a sentence, or a fragment of 4-5 words often found together? Viper will show a match where there is a string of five or more words that are the same as your work. Even if this is not actually plagiarism, it is important that Viper does not ignore these fragments as they draw your attention to any sentences where the writer has 'rephrased' parts of the original material without referencing the source.
- If it was intended to be a quote that you were going to attribute to the source, did you remember to properly reference it? Sometimes, Viper will identify matching material that is available on websites, but the reference might have been found within another source. Just because the work has content that matches a particular website does not mean that every possible source where it appears has to be referenced. Just make sure that at least one reference covers that content.
- Did you actually use a footnote and it was just simply not picked up by Viper? This review is just a means of double-checking that all references have been included.
- Could Viper have just picked up a phrase that you used more than once in your document? This may be a way to ensure that your writing is tight rather than repetitive or relies on overly used phrases.
- Did you use too many direct quotes? Viper checks for direct quotes and delivers an overall percentage of words it views as direct quotes. Clearly, this should not be too high as work that relies too heavily on other material is not 'original'.
This guide explains how Viper can identify matching content when it scans your work:
Overall plagiarism rating 6% or less :
The results are that it is highly unlikely that this document contains plagiarised material. A careful check will only be necessary if this is a lengthy document. For example, a 6% result within a 15,000 word essay would be of concern because it could mean that direct quotes are too lengthy or there are too many places where a reference was not listed.
Overall plagiarism rating 6% - 12% :
The results are that there is a low risk that the document contains any plagiarised material. Most of the matching content will probably be fragments. Review your report for any sections that may not have been referenced properly.
Overall plagiarism rating 13% - 20% :
The results are that there is a medium risk that the document contains any plagiarised material. There may be sections that match websites so it is important to check that proper credit was attributed to the other sources. The scan may not have detected quotation marks or footnotes that were used. For example, if an opening quotation mark was included but there was not a closing quotation mark, then this could explain the higher result.
Overall plagiarism rating 21%+ :
The results are that there is a high risk that the document contains plagiarised material. If the overall rating is this high, you need to check your report very carefully. It may be that there are a lot of matching fragments and the software has not identified all direct quotes , but it is critical that you go through the entire document and address every phrase or fragment that the scan has flagged to reduce this percentage.
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| Location | Title | Words Matched | Match (%) | Unique Words Matched | Unique Match (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Documents found to be plagiarised | |||||
| http://readinglists.le.ac.uk/lists/3EDEE33C-EDA7-9EA1-1694-5646C6175485/bibliography | Bibliography for MD7002 - Prevention, Screening & Early ... | 33 | 3% | 3 | < 1% |
| https://www.coursehero.com/file/p17p2ig/Aziz-Absetz-Oldroyd-Pronk-and-Oldenburg-2015-found-through-their-systematic/ | Aziz Absetz Oldroyd Pronk and Oldenburg 2015 found through ... | 20 | 1% | 9 | < 1% |
| https://link.springer.com/article/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2003.21132.x | When do patients and their physicians agree on diabetes ... | 12 | 1% | 12 | 1% |
| http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-13-95 | Lifestyle change in Kerala, India: needs assessment and ... | 39 | 3% | 13 | 1% |
| http://www.rug.nl/research/portal/files/6798279/Fortington_2013_Eur_J_Endovasc_Surg.pdf | Short and Long Term Mortality Rates after a Lower Limb ... | 22 | 2% | 22 | 2% |
| http://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=805010 | Robbins, J.M., Strauss, G., Aron, D., Long, J., Kuba, J ... | 25 | 2% | 25 | 2% |
| https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13012-015-0354-6 | A systematic review of real-world diabetes prevention ... | 41 | 3% | 41 | 3% |
| db://servername/dbname/texts/560928 | Order: 461054 | 158 | 14% | 158 | 14% |
Master Document Text
The diagnosis, treatment and impact of hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome
Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic syndrome (HHS) is an uncommon diabetic emergency that differs from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The latter affects diabetic patients more frequently and, in common with HHS, leads to emergency hospital admission (Scott, 2015). HHS, however, has a higher mortality rate than DKA, of up to 58% (Scott, 2015), as opposed to 3-5% for DKA (Misra & Oliver, 2015). The causes of HHS, and why it develops instead of DKA, are not fully understood but risk factors include age, trauma, surgery and infection (Kitabchi et al., 2009).
HHS is often the first indication of diabetes mellitus, and has an onset of several days as opposed to hours for DKA, resulting in metabolic anomalies and dehydration that are more pronounced (Scott, 2015; Kitabchi, et al, 2009). Typically, HHS produces very high levels of blood glucose, with a mean value 55 mmol/L (Gill and Alberti, 1985), which is above that normally seen in DKA. In addition, in HHS, plasma ketones are not observed or are negligible (Scott & Claydon, 2012), which is not the case in DKA and provides a distinguishing diagnostic indicator.
The Joint British Diabetes Societies Inpatient Care Group (Scott, & Claydon, 2012) recommend that treatment for HHS focuses upon fluid replacement, which differs from insulin therapy, recommended for the treatment of DKA by the National Institute of Care Excellence (NICE, 2015). Currently, there are no NICE guidelines for the treatment of HHS, and the rate of fluid replacement to avoid complications including seizures and cerebral oedema remains contentious (Kitabchi et al., 2009; Milionis et al., 2001). In addition, there is no precise definition of HHS (Scott 2015). These knowledge deficits are a concern because, although HHS appears to largely affect older patients (and historically has been a rare occurrence), as rates of diabetes mellitus continue to increase across traditional age boundaries, HHS appears to be occurring at increasing frequency in young adults and children (Rosenbloom, 2010). Given the differing treatment regimens required to treat HHS as opposed to DKA, and the high mortality associated with HHS, it is imperative that nurses working in acute care are aware of both of these potential causes of diabetic medical emergency.
References:
Gill, G.V. and Alberti, K.G.M.M., 1985. Hyperosmolar non‐ketotic coma. Practical Diabetes International, 2(3), pp.30-35.
Kitabchi, A.E., Umpierrez, G.E., Miles, J.M. and Fisher, J.N., 2009. Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes. Diabetes care, 32(7), pp.1335-1343.
National Institute of Care Excellence (NICE), 2015. Type 1 diabetes in adults: diagnosis and management (NG17). [online] Available at https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng17https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng17 Accessed 26 June 2017.
Milionis, H.J., Liamis, G. and Elisaf, M.S., 2001. Appropriate treatment of hypernatraemia in diabetic hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar syndrome. Journal of internal medicine, 249(3), pp.273-274.
Misra, S. and Oliver, N.S., 2015. Diabetic ketoacidosis in adults. BMJ, 351 pp1-8. Also online: Available at: http://www.bmj.com/content/351/bmj.h5660http://www.bmj.com/content/351/bmj.h5660 Accessed 25 June 2017.
Rosenbloom, A.L., 2010. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state: an emerging pediatric problem. The Journal of pediatrics, 156(2), pp.180-184.
Scott, A.R., 2015. Management of hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state in adults with diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 32(6), pp.714-724.
Scott, A., Claydon, A. (2012) The management of hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS) in adults with diabetes. Joint British Diabetes Societies Inpatient Care Group [online] Available at: http://www.diabetes.nhs.co.ukwww.diabetes.nhs.co.uk Accessed 26 June 2017.
How effective are strategies to prevent diabetic foot ulcers?
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem, affecting over 387 million people worldwide (International Diabetes Federation, 2014)). Diabetes is associated with significant comorbidities that affect key physiological systems leading to blindness, cardiovascular and kidney disease, sensory loss, and heightened risk of lower limb amputation (Ali & Narayan, 2010). Diabetic patients have a 25% risk of developing a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Of these, one in six will need to have a limb amputated because the wound has become infected and/ or will not heal (Fortington et al., 2013). This outcome is associated with a 5-year mortality rate of 77%, higher than that for breast, colon and prostate cancers (Robbins et al., 2008).
Recently developed treatments are emerging to treat DBU’s, including bioengineered skin matrices, hyperbaric oxygen, low level light therapy and antimicrobial wound dressings (reviewed by Tchanque-Fossuo et al., 2015). This range of new, potentially effective treatments, poses challenges to clinicians and nurses treating patients with DBU’s; care must be supported by the best available evidence, yet also meet with patient concordance (Heisler et al., 2003). It is important that nurses have sufficient knowledge of the evidence underpinning the emerging options available in order to support patients in making informed decisions about their treatment, as demanded by the NMC (2015), and embodied by contemporary health policy such as ‘Liberating the NHS: No decision about me mithout me’ (Department of Health, 2012).
References:
Ali M.W.M, Narayan K.M 2010. Textbook of Diabetes, 4th ed. Wiley: New York, 2010.
Department of Health 2012. Liberating the NHS: No decision about me without me. [online] Available at: http://www.gov.ukwww.gov.uk Accessed 26 June 2017.
Fortington, L.V., Geertzen, J.H., van Netten, J.J., Postema, K., Rommers, G.M. and Dijkstra, P.U., 2013. Short and long term mortality rates after a lower limb amputation. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, 46(1), pp.124-131.
Heisler, M., Vijan, S., Anderson, R.M., Ubel, P.A., Bernstein, S.J. and Hofer, T.P., 2003. When do patients and their physicians agree on diabetes treatment goals and strategies, and what difference does it make?. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 18(11), pp.893-902.
International Diabetes Federation. 2014 Diabetes facts and figures. [online] Available at: http://www.idf.org/worlddiabetesday/toolkit/gp/facts-figuresAccessed%2026%20June%202017http://www.idf.org/worlddiabetesday/toolkit/gp/facts-figuresAccessed 26 June 2017).
Nursing and Midwifery Council 2015. The Code: professional standards of practice and behaviour for nurses and midwives. [online] Available at: https://www.nmc.org.uk/standards/code/read-the-code-online/https://www.nmc.org.uk/standards/code/read-the-code-online/ Accessed 9 June 2017.
Robbins, J.M., Strauss, G., Aron, D., Long, J., Kuba, J. and Kaplan, Y., 2008. Mortality rates and diabetic foot ulcers: is it time to communicate mortality risk to patients with diabetic foot ulceration?. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 98(6), pp.489-493.
Tchanque‐Fossuo, C.N., Ho, D., Dahle, S.E., Koo, E., Li, C.S., Isseroff, R.R. and Jagdeo, J., 2016. A systematic review of low‐level light therapy for treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. Wound Repair and Regeneration, 24(2), pp.418-426.
What factors influence the efficacy of health promotion strategies designed to reduce the incidence of diabetes mellitus in (clients’ choice of country)?
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global public health problem, affecting over 387 million people (International Diabetes Federation, 2014). Efforts to prevent diabetes; or delay its onset in individuals deemed at risk have been prioritised by health organizations in many developed and some developing countries (Aziz et al., 2015). These efforts have, typically, provided health education in which the importance of lifestyle change to include exercise, eating a healthy diet, not smoking and reducing alcohol intake are emphasised (National Health Service (NHS) England, 2017; World Health Organization, 2016).
Several large randomised controlled trials in the United States, China, Finland and India have demonstrated that lifestyle interventions listed above have been successful in reducing the incidence of T2DM in populations at high risk by 29-58% (Tuomilehto et al., 2001; Pan et al., 1997). However, these trails have measured success in terms of effectiveness outcomes, within narrow range of health contexts, and have paid less attention to how lifestyle interventions supported the data can be transferred to wider ranging settings, including primary care and schools (Tuomilehto et al., 2001).
There is relatively little information available to inform health care commissioning bodies and healthcare professionals tasked with determining the most effective evidence based health promotion strategies to apply to their specific target population. To assist in making these decisions, it is important to consider the factors that potentially influence the transferability of health promotion research, which could include socioeconomic and demographic differences, culture, health beliefs, education, access to health care and the availability of health promotion resources
References:
Aziz, Z., Absetz, P., Oldroyd, J., Pronk, N.P. and Oldenburg, B., 2015. A systematic review of real-world diabetes prevention programs: learnings from the last 15 years. Implementation Science, 10(1), p.172.
International Diabetes Federation. 2014 Diabetes facts and figures. [online] Available at: http://www.idf.org/worlddiabetesday/toolkit/gp/facts-figuresAccessed%2026%20June%202017http://www.idf.org/worlddiabetesday/toolkit/gp/facts-figuresAccessed 26 June 2017).
National Health Service (NHS) England, 2017. NHS England Diabetes Prevention Plan [online] Available at: https://www.england.nhs.uk/ourwork/qual-clin-lead/diabetes-prevention/https://www.england.nhs.uk/ourwork/qual-clin-lead/diabetes-prevention/ Accessed 10 June 2017
Pan, X.R., Li, G.W., Hu, Y.H., Wang, J.X., Yang, W.Y., An, Z.X., Hu, Z.X., Xiao, J.Z., Cao, H.B., Liu, P.A. and Jiang, X.G., 1997. Effects of diet and exercise in preventing NIDDM in people with impaired glucose tolerance: the Da Qing IGT and Diabetes Study. Diabetes care, 20(4), pp.537-544.
Tuomilehto, J., Lindström, J., Eriksson, J.G., Valle, T.T., Hämäläinen, H., Ilanne-Parikka, P., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Laakso, M., Louheranta, A., Rastas, M. and Salminen, V., 2001. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. New England Journal of Medicine, 344(18), pp.1343-1350.
World Health Organization WHO 2016. Global report on diabetes [online] Available at: http://www.who.int/diabetes/global-report/en/http://www.who.int/diabetes/global-report/en/ Accessed 26 June 2017.
Note to QC: I have changed the focus of the third title slightly to make it less likely to overlap with other published reviews (and less likely to repeat titles already given to students). The revised title also offer a topic that is more flexible for use by non-uk nurses and health care students. There is sufficient evidence available for an in depth literature review to address the research question and I feel it has the potential to gain a good grade, if selected